Numerical Study of The Spontaneous Polarization near The Ferroelectric Surface

Vincensius Gunawan

Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia
DOI – http://doi.org/10.37502/IJSMR.2025.81106

Abstract

The ferroelectric materials signified by the existence of electric potential that can be reversed using an external electric field. Hence, the polarization was an important parameter. It was well known that the polarization in a bulk ferroelectric was homogenous. However, when it was noticed, the electric polarization at the region near the surface was in-homogeneous.  This inhomogeneous polarization was important since it affected the physical behaviour of ferroelectric.  In this paper, we studied the inhomogeneity in the surface of ferroelectrics by using lattice model.  In this model, we included the interaction between lattices.  We obtained that in-homogeneous ferroelectric appeared near surface.  We predicted that this happened since above the lattice at the surface, there was no other existed lattice.  The difference of interaction constant lattice at the surface and the other interaction constant of the lattice inside material also contributed to the inhomogeneity.

Keyword: lattice model, inhomogeneous, ferroelectrics

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