Reevaluating Realist Theories Through Middle Eastern Geopolitics

Yaron Katz
Holon Institute of Technology, Israel
DOI – http://doi.org/10.37502/IJSMR.2025.81006

Abstract

This research analyzes the influence of Hamas and Hezbollah on Middle Eastern geopolitics through the Realist theory. It examines the growing influence of non-state actors in shaping global diplomacy, security, and regional power dynamics, with a specific focus on the Middle East. Traditionally, international relations theories, particularly Realism, have centered on the power and sovereignty of states. However, the increasing prominence of non-state actors like Hamas and Hezbollah challenges this state-centric framework. The October 7, 2023, Hamas attack on Israel and the involvement of Hezbollah in the civil war in Syria serve as a case study in understanding how these actors, despite lacking formal state recognition, can significantly impact regional stability, international security, and diplomatic relations. This study uses Realist theory to explore how their pursuit of power, survival, and ideological objectives disrupt traditional geopolitical structures. The research highlights how non-state actors reshape regional conflicts and challenge state-driven diplomacy by analyzing their strategic goals, military capabilities, and alliances, primarily through their relationship with Iran. The study argues for re-examining existing international relations theories to account for the evolving role of non-state actors in global power dynamics and security issues.

Keywords: Realist Theories, Middle East, Geopolitics, Military, Alliances

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