Guillain–Barré Syndrome: Descriptive and Trigger-Based Analysis from a Tertiary Care Center

Dr. Asif Sayyad Moinuddin*, Dr. Priyanka Jadhav, & Dr. Smita Patil
Department of [Neurology/Medicine], [D Y Patil school of Medicine and Hospital, Navi Mumbai], India]
*Corresponding Author Email: [Drsayyadasif@gmail.com]
DOI – http://doi.org/10.37502/IJSMR.2026.9302

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Abstract

Background: Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy with heterogeneous clinical presentations and outcomes. Objectives: To describe the clinical profile, antecedent triggers, electrophysiological subtypes, treatment modalities, and short-term outcomes in GBS patients, and to examine trigger-based and subtype-based severity correlations. Methods: A retrospective case series of 14 consecutive patients diagnosed with GBS at a tertiary care hospital was conducted. Disease severity was graded using the Hughes Disability Scale (HDS). Electrophysiological subtypes were classified per Hadden et al. criteria. Chi-square/Fisher’s exact tests were applied for associations. Results: Mean age was 42.3 ± 15.6 years; M:F ratio 2.5:1. Acute gastroenteritis was the most frequent antecedent trigger (8/14; 57.1%). AIDP was the predominant electrophysiological subtype (9/14; 64.3%). AMSAN was significantly associated with ventilatory requirement (p = 0.04). All patients received IVIg; 3 (21.4%) required escalation. Complete or partial recovery was observed in 12/14 (85.7%) at discharge. Conclusion: GBS severity is influenced by antecedent trigger and electrophysiological subtype. Axonal variants carry greater morbidity. Early diagnosis and prompt immunotherapy remain critical for favorable outcomes.

Keywords: Guillain–Barré syndrome; AIDP; AMSAN; Hughes Disability Scale; intravenous immunoglobulin; antecedent infection; nerve conduction study.

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