Effectiveness of Aromatherapy Rose Flower Mask in Reducing Blood Pressure among Pre-elderly and Elderly Hypertension Survivors

Kuslan Sunandar, MH.Roeseno, Angreni Ayuhastuti & Yulianingtyas
Bandung Health Polytechnic, College in Bandung, Indonesia
DOI – http://doi.org/10.37502/IJSMR.2025.81215

Abstract

Hypertension is the third leading cause of death in Indonesia. The incidence rate of hypertension in West Java is 29.4%, and its prevalence in the Greater Bandung area reaches 12.10% of the total population. The prevalence increases with age. Hypertension management includes both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. One practical and efficient non-pharmacological therapy is rose (Rosa centifolia) flower aromatherapy, which is preferred due to its gentle and pleasant fragrance. The mechanism of rose aromatherapy involves two physiological systems: the circulatory and olfactory systems. When the aroma of rose essential oil is inhaled, volatile molecules stimulate olfactory receptors, sending electrochemical signals through the olfactory tract to the limbic system. This stimulation triggers emotional and relaxation responses, promoting calmness and improving blood flow. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of rose flower aromatherapy masks in reducing blood pressure among pre-elderly and elderly with hypertension. Rose essential oil was applied to masks using room-temperature evaporation at a 50% concentration for six hours. A quasi-experimental design was employed with two groups (control and intervention) and a total of 150 participants. The study was conducted between September and November 2023. The control group received rose aromatherapy via a humidifier, while the intervention group received rose aromatherapy using an aromatherapy mask. Data were tested for normality and analyzed using non-parametric bivariate tests due to non-normal data distribution. Results In the control group, the mean rank of systolic blood pressure before aromatherapy was 199.45, compared to 108.05 in the intervention group. After aromatherapy, the systolic mean rank was 212.53 in the control group and 95.39 in the intervention group. For diastolic blood pressure, the mean rank before aromatherapy was 182.30 (control) and 124.64 (intervention), and after aromatherapy it was 186.04 (control) and 121.03 (intervention). These findings indicate a significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure among participants who received rose aromatherapy using a mask. Conclusion Rose flower aromatherapy delivered through a mask is more effective in lowering systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to humidifier-based aromatherapy among pre-elderly and elderly individuals with hypertension. Regular daily use of rose aromatherapy masks is recommended as a complementary non-pharmacological approach for hypertension management.

Keywords: Hypertension; Rose Aromatherapy Mask; Elderly

Reference

Amrullah, J. F., & Murti, M. (2018). Relationship between sleep quality and personality type with blood pressure among hypertensive patients at UPT Griya Antapani, Bandung. Sehat Masada, 12(1), 6–12.
Arifputra, A., Tanto, C., & Anainditha, T. (2014). Stroke. In C. Tanto, F. Liwang, et al. (Eds.), Kapita selekta kedokteran. Media Aesculapius.
Ashar, S., Juniawan, H., & Pringgotomo, G. (2018). Comparison between rose and lavender aromatherapy on blood pressure reduction among elderly women. Dinamika Kesehatan: Jurnal Kebidanan dan Keperawatan, 9(2), 567–581.
Asikin, M., et al. (2016). Keperawatan medikal bedah sistem kardiovaskuler.
Asmarani, F. L., & Fitralena, A. (2019). Combination of meditation therapy and rose aromatherapy reduces blood pressure among the elderly. Proceedings of the International Conference, 1(1).
Aulia, N., Melastuti, E., et al. (2023). The effect of combined Benson relaxation and jasmine aromatherapy on blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Jurnal Ilmiah Sultan Agung. https://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/JIMU/article/view/31279
Buston, E. (2016). Effectiveness of music and lavender aromatherapy relaxation in reducing anxiety among surgical patients. Jurnal Media Kesehatan. https://jurnalpolkeslu.poltekkes-kemenkes-bengkulu.ac.id/index.php/jmk/article/download/287/152
Caroline, I. R. (2022). Literature review: Effectiveness of essential oils as aromatherapy. MEDFARM: Jurnal Farmasi dan Kesehatan. http://jurnalfarmasidankesehatan.ac.id/index.php/medfarm/article/view/101
Chloranyta, S. (2022). Application of lavender aromatherapy to reduce mean blood pressure in hypertension. Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan Indonesia (JIKPI). https://jurnal.umitra.ac.id/index.php/jikpi/article/view/804
Damanik, S. R. H. (2015). Comparison of classical music therapy and rose aromatherapy on blood pressure in hypertensive patients. https://www.neliti.com/publications/183507
Hardini, S., Putri, L. E., & Herlina, A. (2021). Effect of rose aromatherapy relaxation on blood pressure reduction among elderly with hypertension. Stikes Syedza Saintika. https://www.jurnal.syedzasaintika.ac.id/index.php/PSNSYS/article/view/925
Haryono, R. (2018). Effect of combined lavender aromatherapy and dhikr therapy on stress and blood pressure reduction in hypertensive patients. Jurnal Keperawatan Notokusumo. http://ojs33.stikes-notokusumo.ac.id/index.php/jkn/article/view/78
(2009). Aromaterapi. Pustaka Populer Obor.
(2009). A–Z aromaterapi untuk kesehatan, kebugaran, dan kecantikan. Lily Publisher.
Kune, N., Yusuf, Z. K., & Djamaluddin, N. (2022). Effect of rose aromatherapy on blood pressure reduction among hypertensive patients. Jambura Nursing Journal. https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/jnj/article/view/15280
Kurniadi, I., Utomo, W., & Sabrian, F. (2022). Effect of warm foot soaking and lavender aromatherapy on blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Jurnal Ners Indonesia. https://jni.ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JNI/article/view/8085
Kusuma, A. S., & Rikhi, A. A. (2020). Effect of classical music therapy combined with rose aromatherapy on blood pressure in hypertensive patients: A literature review. Jurnal Kesehatan. http://jurnal.lib-akperngestiwaluyo.ac.id
Lestari, N. K. Y., Yanti, N., et al. (2022). Rose aromatherapy affects blood pressure in patients with primary hypertension. Jurnal Ilmiah Permas. http://journal2.stikeskendal.ac.id/index.php/PSKM/article/view/104
Maharianingsih, N. M., & Ariasanti, N. M. W. (2022). Comparison of lavender and rosemary aromatherapy effectiveness on stress in adults. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 11(1), 33–40. https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2022.11.1.33
Mailani, I., & Burhanto, B. (2022). Effect of lavender aromatherapy intervention on blood pressure stability among hypertensive patients. Borneo Studies and Research. https://journals.umkt.ac.id/index.php/bsr/article/download/2832/1357
Mindayani, S., Yardi, F. R., Putri, A. L., & Fadilla, N. (2021). Effectiveness of lavender aromatherapy on insomnia in the elderly. Jurnal Riset Hesti Medan. https://www.ojs2.kesdammedan.ac.id/index.php/jurhesti/article/download/234/142
Putri, I. S. (2018). Effectiveness of slow deep breathing relaxation and lavender aromatherapy on blood pressure reduction in elderly with hypertension. Jurnal Profesi Keperawatan. https://jprokep.jurnal.centamaku.ac.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/55
Rahimi, H., Nakhaei, M., Mehrpooya, N., Hatami, S. M., & Vagharseyyedin, A. (2019). The effect of inhaling rosemary essential oil aroma on stress and anxiety among emergency medical personnel. Modern Care Journal, 16(3). https://doi.org/10.5812/modernc.95082
Roswita, R. (2022). Effect of aromatherapy on blood pressure reduction in hypertensive patients: A literature review. Jurnal Skala Kesehatan. http://ejurnalskalakesehatan-poltekkesbjm.com
Setiawan, D. I., & Erwanto, R. (2021). Effectiveness of lavender aromatherapy and Javanese music on blood pressure among the elderly. Jurnal Ilmiah Permas. http://www.journal.stikeskendal.ac.id
Sinuraya, R. K., Siagian, B. J., Taufik, A., Destiani, D. P., Puspitasari, I. M., Lestari, K., & Diantini, A. (2017). Measurement of hypertension knowledge levels among hypertensive patients in Bandung: A preliminary study. Jurnal Farmasi Klinik Indonesia.
Tirtasari, S., & Kodim, N. (2019). Prevalence and characteristics of hypertension in young adults in Indonesia. Tarumanagara Medical Journal, 1(2), 395–402.
Winardiyanto, A. A. (2020). Effect of slow stroke back massage and rose aromatherapy on blood pressure in elderly with hypertension. ePrints Universitas Kusuma Husada. http://eprints.ukh.ac.id/id/eprint/890